My Current Affairs Notes- 8th May, 2018

 Current Affairs Notes- 8th May 2018 

• 15th Asia Media Summit to be hosted by India from May 10-12, 2018 in New Delhi

THEME: Telling Our Stories – Asia and More

The 15th Asia Media Summit (AMS) 2018 is being hosted by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, jointly with the Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC), New Delhi and Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited (BECIL), from 10th-12th May 2018 in New Delhi.

• India and Guatemala agree to support each other for Non-permanent membership of UNSC

Shri Venkaiah Naidu kick starts high level Latin American outreach with wide-ranging talks with top leaders of Guatemala. India agrees to Guatemala’s request for supplying solar panels to its airports.



India and Guatemala today agreed to support each other’s candidature for Non-Permanent Membership in the United Nations Security Council. Guatemala will support India’s candidature for UNSC membership for 2021-22.

Capital: Guatemala City

Currency: Guatemalan Quetzal

• Health Assurance programme under Ayushman Bharat

Shri Narendra Modi has reviewed the progress of preparations towards the launch of the ambitious Health Assurance programme under Ayushman Bharat.

The scheme will provide a cover of up to Rs. 5 lakh per family. It will be targeted to cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families. Last month, on the occasion of Ambedkar Jayanti, the Prime Minister had inaugurated the first 'Health and Wellness Centre' under Ayushman Bharat, in the aspirational district of Bijapur in Chhattisgarh.

• Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in Tribal Districts across the country

The Van Dhan Vikas Kendra launched at Bijapur by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi on 14thApril, 2018 and his call to converge Jan Dhan, Van Dhan and Govardhan Schemes, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA).

The government of India proposes to expand Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in Tribal Districts across the country. This initiative is aimed at mainstreaming the tribal community by promoting primary level value addition to MFP at a grassroots level.

• Google launched Android Things (Brillo)

Alphabet Inc’s Google launched Android Things (codenamed Brillo), a variant (or spinoff) of an Android operating system for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as smart home appliances and other smart machines. Its goal is to enable IoT machines developers to be built faster, cheaper and more secure.

POSHAN Abhiyaan

India inks $200 million loan agreement with World Bank for POSHAN Abhiyaan. The Ministry of Women and Child Development conducted the first National workshop on POSHAN Abhiyaan involving all the States and Union Territories at Pravasi Bharatiya Kendra, New Delhi today.

USE YOUR FAILURE 

POSHAN Abhiyaan was launched on 8th March 2018 by the Prime Minister in Jhunjhunu. The Abhiyaan targets to reduce stunting, under-nutrition, anemia (among young children, women and adolescent girls) and reduce low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively. The target of the mission is to bring down stunting among children in the age group 0-6 years from 38.4% to 25% by 2022.

• United Nations Peacekeeping Course for African Partners (UNPCAP) 

The third edition of United Nations Peacekeeping Course for African Partners (UNPCAP) was held in New Delhi from May 7 to 25, 2018.

The NITI Aayog has signed Statement of Intent (SoI) with search engine giant Google to work together to foster growth for India’s nascent artificial Intelligence (AI)

English Practice Sheet-5 ( TARGET-IBPS-PO 2018)

English Practice Sheet-5 

( TARGET-IBPS-PO 2018)

Directions (1-5): Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Q1. The actress’____ from a chilled out girl off-screen to an intense actor on screen in just a few minutes is ____ amazing.

(a) change, improperly

(b) revolution, just

(c) transformation, simply

(d) adjustment, really

(e) renovation, truthfully

Q2. Considering the ____ of the city to chemical and industrial disasters, the State disaster management authority has decided to constitute an expert study group to analyze all possible threats and suggest_____ to make the city ‘disaster-resilient’.

(a) Vulnerability, measures

(b) Propensity, sketches

(c) Volatility, plans

(d) Regularity, preparations

(e) Instability, maps

Q3. Despite the collapse of efforts to legislate a climate bill, the country has ___international negotiators it remains _____ to reducing carbon emissions over the next ten years.

(a) entrusted, obligated

(b) promised, averse

(c) declared, ignorant

(d) Assured, committed

(e) pledged, attentive

Q4. ____by other singers and musicians, the singer sang his heart out and even __ the young newcomers during their act.

(a) Helped, smiled

(b) Accompanied, cheered

(c) Created, judged

(d) Stopped, applauded

(e) Assisted, greeted

Q5. The health officials were told to ____ the medical officials practitioners about the treatment and immediate medical ___ to be given to swine flu patients.

(a) inform, assistance

(b) enlist, backing

(c) dissuade, aid

(d) apprise, emergency

(e) encourage, help

SOLUTIONS:

1. (c) transformation, simply
2. (a) Vulnerability (Noun) = weakness.
3. (d) assured, committed
4. (b) Accompanied, cheered
5. (e) encourage, help



Directions (6-10): Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Q6. We can feel morally ____ when someone insults us-as long as we do not ____ upon those feelings by burning down houses.

(a) Challenged, stand

(b) outraged, act

(c) bound, build

(d) obliged, think

(e) violated, harp

Q7. Human beings are biological ___ they need to be grounded in time and place or else they come ____ .

(a) things, forward

(b) souls, back

(c) organisms, unhinged

(d) features, undone

(e) creatures, again

Q8. ___ their golden years of love and togetherness, the couple ____ all their guests at their fiftieth wedding anniversary.

(a) Celebrating, welcomed

(b) Remembering, asked

(c) Rejoicing promised

(d) Commemorating brought

(e) Observing, greeted

Q9. Since it does not have the ____ to do anything beyond sending out notices; the corporation has now decided to take steps to attach movable properties such as cars so that people take the notices more :

(a) authority, appropriately

(b) influence, justly

(c) guts, sincerely

(d) pressure, gravely

(e) power, seriously

Q10. A new law has been passed stating that no actor would be allowed to shoot beyond twelve hours in a day and those who ____ this norm would henceforth be ____ for it.

(a) followed, punished

(b) accompanied, reprimanded

(c) flouted, penalized

(d) defied, applauded

(e) obeyed, disciplined

SOLUTIONS:



6. (b) Out raged (Adjective) = over shocked and angry.
7. (e) creatures, again
8. (a) Celebrating, welcomed
9. (e) Power, seriously
10. (c) Flout (Verb) = defy; to show that you have no respect for a low.



Directions (11-15): Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words/phrases for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Q11. __ is China the world’s most populous country, with nearly 1.3 billion people, it is also the world’s fastest-growing economy, ___more than fourfold every year.

(a) Not only-expanding

use your failure

(b) Merely- developing

(c) Hardly- growing

(d) Surprisingly- flourishing

(e) An example- evolving

Q12. Bangalore has ___ beyond recognition into an IT-propelled metropolis from a laidback city that it ___.

(a) changed – is

(b) developed - should be

(c) constructed - used to be

(d) progressed - claims to be

(e) morphed - once was

Q13. While the agricultural revolution ___ the earth’s surface, the Industrial Revolution is changing the earth’s : ''

(a) changed -as well

(b) suffered – air

(c) benefited-condition

(d) transformed –atmosphere

(e) predicted- circumstances

Q14. The findings of a recent study to ___ the factors which influence successful primary school completion ___ that extreme poverty is responsible for ninety percent of the school dropout cases.

(a) study – proves

(b) establish-examine

(c) construct – show

(d) explore- reveal

(e) reveal - object to

Q15. ____ the concept of environmentally sustainable development ____a quarter-century ago, there is not a single country today which has a strategy to build an eco-economy.

(a) even though- built

(b) although-evolved

(c) besides- took shape

(d) after- still

(e) though-created

SOLUTIONS:

11. (a) Not only- expanding
12. (e) Morp(Verb) = to change into something different.
13. (d) transformed - atmosphere
14. (d) explore - reveal
15. (b) Although-evolved

Magazines PDFs Free Download - IBPS-PO 2018

Magazines PDFs Free Download 

 IBPS-PO 2018 

Hi Future Bankers, 

As I told you before that I will Provide you the right resource at the right time. It is high time you should start preparing seriously. 

All you have to do is tapasaya, TAPASAYA and TAPASAYA.

HERE YOU GO...

YOJNA MARCH 2018

YOJNA FEB 2018 

MONTHLY POLICY REVIEW

BANKING MAGAZINE 

STATIC GA 

use your failure 

NOUN- ENGLISH SECTION-PRACTICE SHEET (SPOT THE ERROR)

NOUN- ENGLISH SECTION

PRACTICE SHEET (SPOT THE ERROR)

Types of Noun

1. PROPER NOUN – special words (names) that we use for a person, place or organization

2. COMMON NOUN- man, girl, cat, table, fish, love, pride, phone

3. COLLECTIVE NOUN- class, army, board, council, school

4. ABSTRACT NOUN- that you can’t sense, it’s the name given to an emotion or idea.

5. COUNTABLE NOUN-one cow, two books, three boys

6. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN- work, news, mail, coffee, information

7. POSSESSIVE NOUN- Apostrophe (‘s)

1. It had (a) /all begun (b) / in brightly lit room as I dreamily ran (c) / my fingers over the surface (d)/ of a globe. No error (e)

2.The angry at being (a)/ left out of the bonanza (b) / is palpable among (c) / employees of the organisation. (d) / No error(e)

3. The city needs an airport (a) / that can efficiently manage (b)/ a constantly flow of (c) / passengers and flights. (d) / No Error (e)

4. He had telephoned yesterday to (a)/ ask how much of the youth (b) / who attend our classes would be (c)/ interested in working for a textile company. (d)/ No error (e)

5. In 60’s Beatless, with (a) / their haircuts, clothes and joking (b)/ drew (c)/ crowds of shrieking teenagers (d) / All correct (e).

6. While (a) / a strong defend (b) / is important to any country it cannot be more important than the livelihood (c) /of its citizens (d)/ All correct (e).

7. Without a doubt, (a) / Ahmed is the most (b) / sincere of all the (c) /student in the class. (d)/ No error. (e)

8. I saw only (a)/ five police who (b)/ were running after (c)/ the bank robbers. (d)/ No Error (e)

9. He gave me (a)/ two important informations (b)/ I had been waiting for (c)/ the previous two Months (d)/ No Error (e)

10. These type of books (a)/ are certainly helpful to the students (b)/ preparing for the banking service (c)/ Examinations. (d)/ No Error (e)

11.“I have never seen (a)/ such as lovely spectacles (b)/ in my life”, said (c)/ the passer-by. (d)/ No Error (e)

12. When he returned (a)/ from America, he informed me (b)/ that he had come here (c)/ to do urgent work. (d)/ No error (e)

13. I do my best (a)/ but I don’t understand (b)/ why I do not get expected (c)/ marks in the examination. (d)/ No error (e)

14. The pretty woman (a)/ sitting in the car (b)/ is the daughter of one of (c)/ the headman of the village. (d)/ No error (e)

15. You will not be (a)/ allowed to go (b)/ anywhere else to (c)/ play outdoor games. (d)/ No error (e)

16. The beautiful surrounding (a)/ of the palace (b)/ attracted a large number of (c)/ tourists coming from abroad. (d)/ No error (e)

17. He did not know (a)/ that the headquarter (b)/ of the army (c)/ was in Delhi. (d)/ No error (e)

18. Liberalization of economy (a)/ has given birth to (b)/ many uncommon (c)/ phenomenon in the society.(d)/ No error (5e)

19. Thousands of young (a)/ protesters were standing (b)/ at Jantar Mantar and (c)/ supporting Anna Hazare. (d)/ No error (e)

20. It is very difficult (a)/ to chase (b)/ a huge score in the (c)/ fourth inning. (d)/ No error (e)

21. He gave me (a)/ a five-rupees note (b)/ and asked me to get (c)/ him a few cigarettes. (d)/ No error (e)

22. I trust you will (a)/ show forbearance to me (b)/ a few minutes more (c)/ so that I can finish this work. (d)/ No error (e)/

23. I went to the temple (a)/ with my parents, aunts (b)/and cousin sisters. (c)/ No error (d)

24. The manager put forward (a) /a number of criterions (b) /for the post. (c)/ No error (d)

25.I like (a)/ the poetries (b)/ of Byron and Shelly. (c)/ No error (d)

26. No porter being available (a)/ he carried (b)/ all his luggages himself. (c)/ No error (d)

27. The table’s legs (a)/ have been (b)/ elaborately carved. (c)/ No error (d)

28. He told me that (a)/ it was (b)/ his friend’s Shankar’s house.(c)/ No error (d)

29. The astronomer (a)/who predicts the future (b)/ has arrived.(c)/ No error (d)

30. According to economics (a)/ not more than five per cent (b)/ of education loans taken (c)/ by student are overdue. (d)/ No error (e)

31. Santosh live (a)/ by the principals (b)/ he professes. (c)/ No error (d)

32. All the evidences were (a)/ against him and he was (b)/ held guilty. (c)/ No error (d)

33. There should be(a)/ no furnitures (b)/ in my room .(c)/ No error (d)

34. She immediately quit (a)/ the job in which (b)/ neither the skill nor (c)/ knowledge were required. (d)/ No error.(e)

35. That house(a)/ is built of (b)/ stones.

(c)/ No error (d)

36. The Cattle in the meadow (a)/ was terrified to hear (b)/ the roar of a lion which appeared to be wild with anger.(c)/ No error (d)

37. The committee (a)/could not come to (b)/ a final conclusion.(c)/ No error (d)

38. When we reach the fair(a)/ we found that there (b)/ was no place to stand.(c)/ No error (d)

39.Alms(a)/ are given (b)/ to the poors (c)/ of Jammu and Kashmir . (d)/ No error (e)

40. A strong breeze(a)/ blew his(b)/ cap off. (c)/ No error (d)

41. He had telephoned yesterday to (a)/ ask how much of the youth (b)/ who attend our classes would be (c)/ interested in working for a textile company.(d)/ No error (e)

42. Last week’s sharp hike in the wholsale price of beef (a)/ is a strong indication for (b)/ higher meat costs to come.(c)/ No error (d)

43. He was advised to take(a)/ two spoonsful of (b)/ medicine threee times a day .(c) /No error (d)

44. One of the firmest belief among the Hindus is that (a)/ Karma affects their (b) /life and also the life after death .(c)/ No error (d)

45. Whenever he goes to Mumbai (a)/ he stays in (b)/ five-stars hotels (c)/ No error (d)

46. Lasers are (a)/ indispensable tools (b)/ for the delicate eyes surgery.(c)/ No error (d)

47. The company has ordered (a)/ some (b)/ new equipments .(c)/ No error (d)

48. The driver showed (a)/ great talent in keeping (b)/ the damaged car under control. (c)/ No error (d)

49. It is a big blunder (a)/ but we had (b)/ to ignore it .(c)/ No error (d)

50. The police have received (a)/ two important informations (b)/ that can help them to solve the triple murder case.(c)/ No error(d)

SOLUTIONS:

1. (d) Here, surface (noun) should be used.

2. (a) Here, a Noun i.e. The anger at being …. should be used .

Look at the sentences:

He was filled with anger.(Noun)

Hundreds of angry demonstrator filled the square.(Adjective)

3. (c) An adjective qualifies a noun. Hence, a constant (Adjective) flow (Noun) ….Should be used.

4. (b) Before countable Nouns/Pronouns, ‘how many’ should be used. Hence, replace ‘ask how much of the youth’ by ‘ask how many of the youths’.

5. (b) Noun should be ‘jokes’ not joking used.

6. (b) Noun is needed; so ‘defend’ (verb) should be replaced by ‘defence’.

7. (d) Countable Noun/Pronoun after ‘all ‘ is plural. Hence, replace ‘student in the class’ by ‘students in the class’.

8. (b) Substitute policeman for police (the police uncountable noun but police man countable noun)

9.(b) Substitute information for informations (information is singular uncountable noun and a/an never used before singular uncountable noun).

10.(a) Substitute types for type (these, those, certain etc. are adjective its come after plural noun)

11.(b) Substitute spectacle for spectacles (here spectacle means scenes which singular uncountable noun. e.g. what a beautiful spectacle! = what a beautiful sight)

12. (e) No error

13.(e) No error

14.(d) Replace “headman” with “headmen”.

15.(e) No error

16. (a) Replace “surrounding” with “surroundings”

17. (b) Replace “headquarter” with “headquarters”

18. (d)Replace “phenomenon” with “phenomena”

19. (a) Replace “thousand” with “thousands”

20. (d) Replace “inning” with “innings”.

21. (b) Replace “rupees” with “rupee”

22. (b) In place of forbearance to, we should use forbearance towards.

Forbearance (Noun) means patient self-control; tolerance: show forbearance towards somebody; exercise forbearance in dealing with people.

23.(c) Change ‘cousin sisters’ into ‘cousin’.

24.(b) ‘Criteria’ is plural of ‘criterion’.

25. (b) ‘Poetry’ is an uncountable noun. Hence it is singular and it does not have any plural form.

25. (b) Change ‘luggages’ into ‘luggage’. It is an uncountable noun. Hence it must be in singular form.

26. (c) ‘Table’s legs should be changed into ‘legs of table’. ‘s’ is generally not used with non-living things.

27. (a) Change ‘friend’s’ into ‘friend’. Double apostrophe can’t be used in a sentence.

28. (c) Change ‘astronomer’ into ‘astrologer’. ‘Astrologer’ is one who predicts future.

29.(a) Here, ‘loans’ is Noun. An adjective qualifies a Noun. Hence, use ‘educational’ (Adjective) in place of the word ‘education (Noun)’.

30.(c) Change ‘principals’ into ‘principles’.

31. (b)‘Evidence’ is uncountable noun . It has no plural form . Use singular verb ‘was’.

32. (a)‘Furniture’ has no plural form. Remove ‘s’.

33. (b) When we use Neither … nor, the verb agrees with the number/ person of the noun/ pronoun used after ‘ nor’.

34. (d)Hence, knowledge was required ….will be correct usage.

35. (c) Change ‘stones’ into ‘stone’.

36. (b) ‘Cattle is plural noun. Change ‘was’ into ‘were’.

37.(c) Remove ‘final’. ‘Conclusion’ is always final.

38.(c) Use ‘No room’. ‘Room’ means enough empty space for people or things to be fitted in

39.(c) Change ‘the poors’ into ‘The poor’. ‘The poor’ means the deprived class.

40. (a) ‘Breeze’ is gentle. ‘strong wind’ is the appropriate word here.

41.(b) Before countable Nouns/Pronouns, ‘how many’ should be used. Hence, replace ‘ ask how much of the youth ‘ by ‘ask how many of the youths’.

42. (c) Change ‘costs’ into ‘cost’. Cost as a noun is uncountable and it has no plural form.

43. (b) Use ‘ spoonfuls’ .

44. (a) The ‘ Noun’ that comes after ‘one of the ‘ must be plural. ‘one of the firmst beliefs ‘ is the correct form.

45. (c) ‘Five-star’ is a hyphenated noun which is not used in plural form.

46. (c) ‘Eyes surgery ‘ should be changed into ‘ eye surgery’. ‘Eyes’ noun when used as an adjective should not be used in plural form.

47. (c) ‘Equipment’ is an uncountable noun and has no plural form.

48. (b) Change ‘talent’ into ‘skill’. ‘Talent’ is the natural ability to do something . ‘skill’ requires special training and knowledge.

49. (a) ‘Blunder’ means ‘big mistake’. Hence ‘big blunder’ is superfluous.

50. (b) ‘Information’ is an uncountable noun. To make it countable and plural uses ‘pieces of information’.

Banking Awareness- Basics and RBI (IBPS-PO)

Banking Awareness- Basics of Banking  

IBPS-PO

Role of Banking

1. It is an intermediary between the surplus money holders and funds needed people, farmers, and businessmen.

2. It also financially facilitate by providing import-export transactions and by balancing economic development in the country.

Central Bank (RBI)


To regulate the banking system and to maintain the balance between government revenue and expenditure of a country, there is a central Bank in a country. In India, the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) is the central bank that formulates the guidelines for the other banks.

Commercial Banks

For accepting deposits and grant loans and advances to the customers

Types of Commercial Bank

1. Public Sector Bank- State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank

2. Private Sector Bank-Axis Bank, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank

3. Foreign Bank- HongKong and Shanghai Banking Co-operation Bank (HSBC), American Express Bank, Standard and Charted Bank, Citibank

Development Bank

The Financial assistance to businesses for equipment for using latest technology is provided by development banks.

They also facilitate by subscribing to the shares and debentures issued by companies, in the case under subscription of the issue by the public, Industrial Financial Corporation of India (IFCI) and State Financial Corporation of India (SFCs).


Co-operative Banks

When a co-operative Society (People who come together to jointly serve their common interest) involved in banking business then it is known as Cooperative Bank.

Types

State Co-operative Bank – The highest level banks in all the states of the country. The money reaches the individual through the central co-operative society and the primary credit societies.

Central Co-operative Banks – These banks operate at the district level. These act as an intermediary between the State co-operative banks and primary credit societies.

Primary Credit Societies- These societies are at the village or town level. The operations are restricted to the small town areas.


Specialized Bank

EXIM BANK: (Export-Import Bank of India)

1982

Help in Export/Import Business
SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India)

1990

To establish a small scale business unit and industry and to facilitate the modernization of small-scale industry and market activity

INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM

MINISTERY OF FINANCE

RBI

COMMERCIAL BANK

· (SBI, IDBI, NATIONALIZED BANKS, RRB, PRIVATE BANKS – INDIAN BANK, FOREIGN BANK)

CO-OPERATIVE BANK

· STATE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY, CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY , PRIMARY CREDIT SOCIETIES

DEVELOPMENT BANKS

· EXIM, SIDBI, NABARD, BMB



SBI History

1881- OUDH Commercial Bank

1894- PNB

1913-17 -BANK CRISIS

1949- BANK REGULATION ACT

1955-IMPERIAL BANK (NATIONALIZED SBI)

1959 – 8 Associate Banks (SBI)

1963- SB of BIKANER + SB of JAIPUR

2008- SB of Saurashtra + SB of Indore

RRB (1975)

Initially 5 RRB

1. MORADABAD(U.P)

2. GORAKHPUR (U.P)

3. BHIWANI (HARYANA)

4. JAIPUR (RAJASTHAN)

5. MALDA (WEST BENGAL)

PRATHMA (Ist RRB of India- established 1975 Moradabad (U.P) sponsored by Syndicate Bank)



NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

(Credit Functions, Development and Promotional Function, Role in Training, Supervisory Functions)

· B. SHIVRAMAN COMMITTEE

· 12-July -1982

· Mumbai

· HEAD- H. K. Bhanwala

Adverb - English Section -Error Correction for IBPS-PO

Adverb - English Section 

Error Correction for IBPS-PO

Ø Simple

Ø Interrogative

Ø Relative

Main verb-Transitive-Intransitive-

Auxiliary Verb- Primary –Modals-

Primary (to be –to have- to do)

Transitive verb: these are the verbs which require an object after it.

Intransitive: verbs don’t require object.

EXAMPLE:

He hits the ball.

He hits slowly.

He rings the bell.

The bell rings loudly.



Primary: (to be form) : is , am , are, was, were + (Nominative Pronoun)

It is I.

To have: (Has, have had)

SHE HAS HAD THE FOOD.

SHE IS HAVING MANY FRIENDS.



To do: ( do, does, did)

SHE DOES PLAY CRICKET.

I DO PLAY TENNIS.

MODALS:

V 1

Modals + have + V 3

May/Might:

May: Present possibility (Positive) –Request permission (formal way)

Might: Past possibility (negative)

Can/Could:

Can: ability/ Informal request

Could: Remote possibility

Shall/Will

Shall: Uncertainty-Possibility

Will: Conformity

I SHALL WILL WORK HARD TO ACHIEVE MY GOAL.

Shall –Ist person (Uncertainty)

Shall- 2nd or 3rd person ( promise-determination-threat –warning)

SHOULD/WOULD:

SHOULD: advice, suggestion, Prime duty, moral obligation

Would: polite request

MARGINAL AUXILARY VERB (SEMI MODAL)

NEED

DARE

USED TO

OUGHT TO

NEED: necessity

HE NEED NOT GO THERE.

HE NEEDS MY ASSISTANCE.

I DON’T NEED YOUR ADVICE IN THIS MATTER.



USED –TO:

Case of routine, events, habitual

HE USED TO GO FOR A WALK DAILY.

I AM USED TO GETTING UP EARLY IN THE MORNING.



DARE: is used in the case of negative (show anger)

OUGHT TO: Similar to

Should: in case of advice (MORAL DUTY –OBLIGATION)

YOU OUGHT NOT TO SMOKE SO MUCH.

SO –positive ( that)

TOO –negative ( to)

SHE IS SO BEAUTIFUL THAT EVERYONE GOT FASCINATED BY HER.

HE IS SO INTELLIGENT THAT HE CAN’T BE CHEATED.

TOO: additional (Positive)

MUCH TOO: adjective (As Adverb)

TOO MUCH: noun (As Adjective)

HIS WIFE’S RUDE BEHAVIOR GIVES HIM TOO MUCH PAIN.

HIS WORDS WERE MUCH TOO PAINFUL.

VERY MUCH –SINGLE SYLLABLE-

ANIL IS VERY MUCH INTELLIGENT THAN MOHIT.

FAIRLY: (positive) V1 FAIRLY GOOD

RATHER: (negative) V 2 (comparative) RATHER TOO BAD-

INVERSION

Subject + V à V + Subject

· To such an extent

· To such a degree

· Not only –but also

· Only the day before yesterday

· Only last month

· Only in few countries

· Only in this way

· Only then

· At no time

· Under no circumstances-

· On no account

· On no condition

· Round the corner

· Under the tree

“Do it at once”, said Sahil à “Do it at once”, she said.

PRONOUN- ENGLISH SECTION-IBPS-PO 2018

PRONOUN- ENGLISH SECTION

IBPS-PO 2018 

• Subjective (Nominative)
• Objective
• Possessive adjectives

(I , WE , YOU, HE ,SHE,IT ,They) –Subjective-

(Me, Us, YOU, HIM, HER, IT, THEM) –Objective-

(My, mine, our, ours, your, yours, his, it , its, their) –Possessive-



As-As (positive sense)

So-As (negative sense)

RULES:

Order ranking of Personal pronoun:

Singular case à 2 3 1

(Nominative Pronoun)

Plural Caseà 1 2 3

Admitting a mistake (Singular or plural)

Sentence in a negative sense


We always use an objective pronoun after preposition.

There is no conflict between you and me.

We always use a nominative pronoun after As –As, So –As, then

When the comparison between two


HE IS BETTER THEN ME (I)

HE LIKES YOU MORE THAN I (ME)

HE EARNS MORE THAN I (ME)

HE RUNS AS FAST AS I.

When a sentence starts with to be form of verb (is, am, are, was, were ) then nominative pronoun is used.

IT IS HIM HE WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS.

THIS PROBLEM CAN BE RESOLVED BETWEEN YOU AND I ME.

Objective case is used after except.

Nobody will come to your rescue except I me.

Distributive pronoun-

Each, Every à More than 2

Either, Neither à 2

None à More than 2

Neither of these two principles has been looking after the problem well.

Reciprocal Pronoun-

Each other à 2

One –anotherà more than 2

They saved themselves by helping each other (one another).

Personal Pronoun-

One must be cautious of one’s dressing.

Every man should respect his parents.

The personal pronoun should be used according to its antecedent.

Reflexive Pronoun-

Myself, himself, herself, themselves

The action is done by the subject turn back upon the subject

She cut herself while peeling the fruits.

Avail –absented-enjoyed-apply- we use a reflexive pronoun after these verbs.

Keep-bath-make-stop-steal-hide-are used intransitively hence don’t use a reflexive pronoun.

Don’t use the reflexive pronoun in place of the personal pronoun.



Demonstrative Pronoun-

This that these, those



Relative Pronoun-

Refer to some noun going before is called its antecedent.

Who which what where how



Who –living

Which –non living

I know Meera who has just gone.
Which book is the bestseller in this row?



EXCEPTION: ‘Which’ is used for living when choice is made

The mother knows which of her children is hungry?



Like all, the same, only, none, anybody, nothing, little, somebody – Use ‘that’ with these words.



HE IS THE SAME BOY THAT I SAW AT THE AIRPOT.

KITE IS THE WORST MOVIE THAT I EVER SAW.















Whose- object

Whom- subject

Who –H.V/M.V.






EXAMPLE:

1. The man (1)/ who they thought (2)/ to be a gentleman (3)/ is a rogue. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (2) Replace who with whom

2. This is (1)/ one of the best suggestions (2)/ which have ever been (3)/ made by you. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace which with that

3. This is (1)/ the only one of his comments (2)/ that (3)/ deserve our attention. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (4) Replace deserve with deserves

4. This is (1)/ not such treatment (2)/ that (3)/ I expected. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace that with as

5. A woman can do (1)/ everything (2)/ what a man (3)/ can do. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace what with that

6. I hate (1)/ everybody and everything who (2)/ reminds me (3)/ of my mistake. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (2) Replace who with which

7. The terrorist (1)/ which was chained (2)/ grumble at the D.S.P. (3)/ who was taking him to prison. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (2) Replace which with who

8. This is the same (1)/ dog which barked (2)/ at my son but fortunately did not (3)/ bite him.

Ans. (2) Replace which with that

9. He (1)/ bought a house (2)/ the price of which (3)/ was five lakh rupees. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (5) No Error

10. Don’t respect (1)/ such persons (2)/ who have no respect (3)/ for elders. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace who with as

11. Your state (1)/ is rich (2)/ but mine (3)/ is poor. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (5) Sentence is correct

12. The Director of (1)/ Directorate of Distance Education (2)/ has given its consent (3)/ to join the meeting. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace its with his

13. The principal (1)/ as well as the teachers (2)/ absented themselves (3)/ from the office. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace themselves with himself

14. As a teacher of (1)/ Mathematics (2)/ you are far better (3)/ than him.(4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (4) Replace him with he

15. Ours are (1)/ the same problem (2)/ that (3)/ yours. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace that with as

16. The educational institutions (1)/ of Patna are more (2)/ expensive than (3)/ that of Darbhanga. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (4) Replace that of with those of

17. Zakir lent me some (1)/ rupees on the condition (2)/ that I should return the same (3)/ before September. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (3) Replace the same with it

18. He says (1)/ it is his problems (2)/ but you say it is (3)/ your also. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (4) Replace your with yours

19. The hotels of (1)/ Kolkata are (2)/ cheaper than (3)/ Patna. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (4) Insert those of before Patna

20. Each member (1)/ and each worker (2)/ has given (3)/ their consent. (4)/ No Error (5)

Ans. (4) Replace their with his

Financial Awareness- Foreign Direct Investment -IBPS -PO

Financial Awareness- Foreign Direct Investment 

IBPS -PO

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Foreign Direct Investment is a direct investment that involves the injection of foreign funds into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country.

Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)

Foreign Portfolio Investment is a direct investment but investment in only financial assets such as stocks, bonds etc. of a company located in another country. In contrast to FDI, a portfolio investment is an investment made by an investor who is not involved in the management and day-to-day business of a company.

Benefits of FDI:

(a) Improves forex position of the country

(b) Employment generation and increase in production

(c) Help in capital formation by bringing fresh capital

(d) Helps in transfer of new technologies, management skills, intellectual property

(e) Increases competition within the local market and this brings higher efficiencies

(f) Helps in increasing exports, Increases tax revenue



FDI in INDIA
A foreign company planning to set up business operations in India may:
Incorporate a company under the Companies Act, 1956, as a Joint Venture or a Wholly Owned Subsidiary.
Set up a Representative Office or a Project Office or a Branch Office of the foreign company which can undertake activities permitted under the Foreign Exchange Management (Establishment in India of Branch Office or Other Place of Business) Regulations, 2000. 

FDI

FPI


Investment in productive assets (whose value increase over time) like plant and machinery for a business

Investment in financial assets like stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc.


Investment gives investors ownership right as well as the management right

Investment gives investors only ownership right and not the management right


Engage in the decision making of a firm

Not involved in decision making


Investors enter a country with long-term approach

Investors can plan for long but often have short-term plans


So investors cannot depart from the country easily

Investors can easily depart from the country


Investment is greater than 10%

Investment is less than 10%




The routes under which foreign investment can be made:
Automatic Route: Foreign Investment is allowed under the automatic route without prior approval of the Government or the Reserve Bank of India.
Government Route: Foreign investment in activities not covered under the automatic route requires prior approval of the Government which is considered by the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB), Department of Economic Affairs, and Ministry of Finance.



Foreign investment is prohibited in the following sectors:



1. Lottery Business including Government / private lottery, online lotteries, etc.

2. Gambling and Betting including casinos etc.

3. Chit funds

4. Real Estate Business or Construction of Farm Houses

5. Manufacturing of Cigars, cheroots and tobacco substitutes.

6. Atomic energy and Railway operations.

Daily Dose Editorial -18th April - Reading Comprehension

Daily Dose Editorial -18th April

Reading Comprehension

Here is your daily dose of editorials. 

The Hindu:: CLICK HERE

The Indian Express:: CLICK HERE

The Financial Express:: CLICK HERE 

Today, I cry again...

I cried because I feel helpless

I cried because I feel guilty

I cried because I feel unsafe

I cried because "I am a girl"

"The eight people accused of raping and killing an eight-year-old girl on Monday pleaded not guilty and offered to undergo narco tests. As the trial in the case began, the district and sessions judge asked the state crime branch to give copies of the charge sheet to all the accused and fixed April 28 as the next date of hearing.

Of the eight people accused of the crime, one is a juvenile who is also under arrest. He has moved a bail application before a judicial magistrate which is yet to be heard.

The case relates to eight people allegedly holding an eight-year-old girl captive in a small village temple in the state's Kathua district for a week in January this year, sexually assaulting her, and then murdering her. The Kathua rape case trials began a day after protests were staged in various parts of the country by citizens outraged by the heinous crime".

Source: Business Standard, April 16, 2018.

National Income- FINANCIAL AWARENESS -IBPS-PO

NATIONAL INCOME

 FINANCIAL AWARENESS

IBPS-PO

National Income

1949- National Income Committee (P. C. Maharan Obis)

1954- Total Income –Re. 8000 Crore.


The monetary value of all goods and services during an FY is National Income

Money

Income Method

Expenditure Method

Value Added Method (Product Method)

Primary Sector -Agriculture

Secondary - Manufacturing

Tertiary – Services

1. Gross-Depreciation NET

2. Factory Cost + Income Tax –Subsidiary = Market Cost

3. Domestic + NFIA = National

4. NFIA ( Net Factor Income From Abroad)

NFIA = Factor Income from Abroad – Factor Income paid to NRI

GDP = NDP ( if Depreciation = 0)

GDP = GNP ( if NFIA =0)

GDPfc = GDPmp ( if IT= Subsidy)



GDP -Gross Domestic Production – is money value of all the final goods and services produces in domestic territory of a country during a year.

GDPmp = NNPfc

GDPmp – Depreciation + NFIA –IT + Subsidy

NDP (Net Domestic Product)

NDP = NNP ( Net National Product)

NDP +NFIA = NNP

GDP-Depreciation = NDP

NNPfc + IT – Subsidy = NNPmp

National Income

There are three methods of measuring National Income.
Value Added Method (Product Method)
Income Method
Expenditure Method

Value Added Method: Value added method measures the contribution of each producing enterprise in the domestic territory of the country.

This method involves the following steps:

(a) Identifying the producing enterprise and classifying them into industrial sectors according to their activities.

(b) Estimating net value added by each producing enterprise as well as each industrial sector and adding up the net value added by all the sectors.

All the producing enterprises are broadly classified into three main sectors namely:

(1) Primary sector-Agriculture and Allied Activities

(2) Secondary sector- Manufacturing Units

(3) Tertiary sector -Services like banking, insurance, transport and communications, trade and professions.

Income Method:

Different factors of production pool their services for carrying out production activities. These factors of production, in return, are paid for their services in the form of factor incomes.

Thus labour gets wages, land gets rent, capital gets interest and entrepreneur gets profits. In other words, whatever is produced by a producing unit is distributed among the factors of production for their services and aggregate of factor incomes of all the factors of production of all the producing units form the subject matter of calculation of national income by income method.

Expenditure Method:

The various sectors - household sector, business sector and government sector either spend their incomes on consumer goods and services or save a part of their incomes or we can say that they spend a part of their incomes on non-consumption goods (or capital goods). Total expenditure in an economy consists of expenditure on financial assets, on goods produced in preceding periods, on raw materials and intermediate goods and services and on final goods and services produced in the current period.

Gross national expenditure = Consumption expenditure + net domestic investment + net foreign investment + replacement expenditure (i.e., expenditure on replacement investment).

Net national expenditure = Consumption expenditure + net domestic investment + net foreign investment.

The income of a nation can be calculated by four different ways.
GDP – Gross Domestic Product
NDP – Net Domestic Product
GNP – Gross National Product
NNP – Net National Product

Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
Gross domestic product is the money value of all final goods and services produced in the domestic territory of a country during an accounting year. The concept of domestic territory has a special meaning in national income accounting. Domestic Territory is defined to include the following:
Territory lying within the political frontiers, including territorial waters of the country.
Ships and aircrafts operated by the residents of the country between two or more countries.
Embassies, consulates and military establishments of the country located abroad.

GDP at Factor Cost and GDP at Market Price:

The contribution of each producing unit to the current flow of goods and services is known as the net value added. GDP at factor cost is estimated as the sum of net value added by the different producing units and the consumption of fixed capital. Since the net value added gets distributed as income to the owners of factors of production, we can also estimate GDP as the sum of domestic factor incomes and consumption of fixed capital.




In brief GDPFC = GDPMP – IT + S

where IT = Indirect Taxes

S = Subsidies

Net Domestic Product:




While calculating GDP no provision is made for depreciation allowance (also called capital consumption allowance). In such a situation gross domestic product will not reveal the complete flow of goods and services through various sectors. It is a matter of common knowledge that capital goods like machines, equipment, tools, buildings, tractors etc., get depreciated during the process of production. After some time these capital goods need replacement.


NDP = GDP - depreciation

Gross National Product (GNP):
It has already been seen that whatever is produced within the domestic territory of a country in a year is its gross domestic product. It, however, includes, the contribution made by non-resident producers by way of wages, rent, interest and profits. The non-residents work in the domestic territory of some other country and earn factor incomes. For example, Indian residents go abroad to work. Indian banks are functioning abroad. Indians own property in foreign countries.




GNP = GDP + NFIA (where NFIA is the net factor income from abroad)

NFIA (Net Factor Income from Abroad) = Income from Abroad – Income of Foreigners inside the country

Net National Product (NNP):
It can be derived by subtracting depreciation allowance from GNP. It can also be found out by adding the net factor income from abroad to the net domestic product.

Symbolically, NNP = GNP –Depreciation

NNP = NDP + NFIA

NFIA (Net Factor Income from Abroad) = Income from Abroad – Income of Foreigners inside the country

If NFIA is positive i.e., the inflow of factor income from abroad is more than the outflow, NNP will be more than NDP

If NFIA is negative, NNP will be less than NDP and it would be equal to NDP in case the net factor income from abroad is zero.

Important Points: 

1st National Income estimation in 1886 by Dadabhai Nauroji.
After independence for the period of 1948-51, National Income estimate was provided by National Income committee headed by P.C Mahalanobis.
Since 1951, N.I estimation is done by Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) Established in 1950.
CSO presents N.I estimation every year which is also known as National Accounts Statistics (NAS). 

For this purpose, CSO divides the economy is several parts.
GDPFC = GDPMP – IT + S
NDP = GDP - depreciation
GNP = GDP + NFIA (where NFIA is the net factor income from abroad)
NFIA (Net Factor Income from Abroad) = Income from Abroad – Income of Foreigners inside the country
NNP = GNP –Depreciation
NNP = NDP + NFIA 

DREAM BIG AND WORK HARD 

Adjectives- English Section- IBPS-PO

Adjectives

 English Section- IBPS-PO 

ADJECTIVE

Ø Positive

Ø Comparative

Ø Superlative


Single syllable (good –better- best)


Double syllable (careful –more careful –most careful)


TYPES OF ADJECTIVES:


· Adjective of Quality (Descriptive Adjective) – large, honest, foolish


· Adjective of Quantity- some, little, all, great


· Proper Adjective – (formed from proper noun) –Indian Culture, French wines,


· Definite Adjective- Cardinals- One, Two, three –Ordinals- First, Second, Third


· Indefinite Adjective –All, many, few, some, several


· Distributive Adjective - each, every, either, all


· Interrogative Adjective- What, Whose, Which


RULES:


Single person- 2 properties then we use – more+ positive degree.


HE IS MORE THIN THAN FAT.

There are some adjectives which denote absolute positions of which comparative degree and superlative degree remains the same.


SENIOR, JUNIOR, INFERIOR, EXTERIOR, SUPERIOR, COMPLETE, IDEAL, PERFECT, CHIEF


This is the most major operation.


The implementation of NRHM is better than MNREGA.


USE, to for adjective having the suffix –ior not then (SUPERIOR, SENIOR, JUNIOR, INFERIOR, EXTERIOR, PREFER, YOUNGER, ELDER)


COFFEE IS PREFERABLE TO TEA.


HE IS MUCH SENIOR TO ME.


HE IS MUCH MORE SENIOR TO ME.


When comparison: much


Single person (very)


RAJENDER IS MUCH MORE INTELLIGENT THEN NIKHIL.


If 2 adjective are separated by (they need to be in the same degree) in same sentence-


SHE IS BOTH KIND AND MORE INTELLIGENT THAN HER SISTER.


We always use Ordinal before cardinal in a sentence.


THE FIRST TWO CHAPTER OF THIS BOOK ARE VERY IMPORTANT.


Conversion of superlative degree into comparative degree:


ALL + OTHER + P.N


ANY + OTHER + S.N


NO + OTHER + S.N


SHE ASKED HIM WHAT IT WAS THAT MADE HIM STRONGER THEN ANY OTHER MAN.


HE IS BETTER THAN ALL OTHER BOYS IN THE CLASS.


NO OTHER STUDENT IN OUR CLASS IS AS INTELLIGENT AS HE IS.


Other is not needed in superlative.


AKBAR WAS THE GREATEST OF ALL OTHER KINGS.


VERY (Present participle gerund)


MUCH (Past participle V3 Passive)


THE MATCH BECOMES VERY INTERESTING.


EXCEPTION: VERY TIRED


VERY FRUSTRATED


VERY SURPRISED

TOO


( also, something extra)


Very is not used in comparative degree.


Much is need in comparative.


Very much is Comparative.


ASHISH TOO IS A STRONG POLICEMAN.


HE IS TOO WEAK TO DANCE.


PRAVEEN TOO IS GOING TO THE PARTY ALONG WITH US.


MANDEEP IS MUCH MORE INTELLIGENT THAN SUMIT.


SUPERLATIVE DEGREE:

SAGAR IS MUCH THE BEST MAN IN THE DEPARTMENT.


SAGAR IS THE VERY BEST MAN IN THE DEPARTMENT.


Don’t use a preposition before adverb.


With most humbly I rest my case.


PM is going to abroad next month.


STILL (positive)


HE IS STILL WORKING.


YET (negative)


THEY HAVEN’T ARRIVED YET.


SOME/ANY –


Some is positive and any is used in negative aspect for both countable and uncountable noun.


I have some books.


I don’t have any book.


Do you have any friend?


Would you like some bread?

FOREMOST/FIRST:


Foremost – is the best or the most important; in the leading position in a group of people or thing.


Mahatma Gandhi was the foremost leader of India.


He is the first person to start a trust in this locality.


LESS/LESSER:


Less suggest amount and lesser suggest degree showing some negative sense in a choice of two.


SHE HAS LESS MONEY THAN HE.


WHICH IS THE LESSER OF THE TWO EVILS?


ELDER/OLDER:


Elder and eldest are used only for the person in blood relation.


Elder is used with to not then.


OLDER- are used for both person and things, it is used with then.


RAVI IS MY ELDER BROTHER.


JP PARK IS THE OLDEST PARK OF THE CITY.


LATER/LATTER/LAST:


LATER and LATEST refers to time, LATTER refer to position.


THE LATTER CHAPTERS OF THE BOOK ARE INTERESTING.


MUCH/MANY:


Much notifies only uncountable noun.


Many- used for countable noun.


HE DRINKS SO MUCH WATER.


I HAVE COLLECTED MANY BOOKS FROM THE CITY.


FEW/A FEW/ THE FEW:


FEW: means very few or none at all


A FEW: used to indicate-not a large number, but some or handful


THE FEW: used for a special limited number (not many but all)


SEND ME A FEW BOOKS.

Few Artists live a simple life.

MAGAZINE ISSUES PDF FOR GENERAL AWARENESS...

MAGAZINE ISSUES PDF 

GENERAL AWARENESS...

YOJNA MARCH 2018::     CLICK HERE

BSC MAGAZINE: CLICK HERE 

REMEMBER: THIS IS YOUR TYM. DO OR DIE 

STAY SAFE, PLAY HARD...

DAILY DOSE EDITORIALS-13TH APRIL- READING COMPREHENSIONS

DAILY DOSE EDITORIALS

13TH APRIL

 READING COMPREHENSIONS

HI READERS, 

How's your writing level now? IS it increasing magically?

Do you feel good about this daily dose of the editorials? Is it beneficial for your weak points?

Keep doing the same for a month. Let's do it. 

READ, ANALYZE, AND  WRITE. 

THE HINDU: CLICK HERE

THE INDIAN EXPRESS: CLICK HERE

THE FINANCIAL EXPRESS: CLICK HERE

DO IT. 

PRACTICE DATA INTERPRETATION- BY ARUN SHARMA

PRACTICE DATA INTERPRETATION

BY ARUN SHARMA

DI is the most important topic in Quant. Data Interpretation is not an independent chapter. It is a khichdi made up of all the other chapters. 

Start learning the concepts again and then solve the DI questions first. DI is the most scoring part of the Quant Section. 

Here is a book for DI practice:  CLICK HERE

HOPE YOU LIKE IT!!!

Financial Awareness- CAPITAL MARKET ( IBPS-PO 2018)

Financial Awareness

 CAPITAL MARKET ( IBPS-PO 2018)

CAPITAL MARKET

Maturity> 1 year

Regulated by SEBI (Security Exchange Board of India)



Authorized Capital – can max upto – 10,0000/

Issued Capital – Issue – 80,000

Subscribed Capital – Shareholder Buy – 60,000

Called –Up capital –Actual Price/Share – 60,000 × 10

Paid –Up Capital – First Call – 60,000 × 7

Authorized Capital = Nominal Capital = Registered Call

Company (Equity /Debt)

Equity 100%

51% -Company

49% - Shareholder

Shareholder share profit ( Dividend)

Debt (Debentures-Loan-Interest)

Share

Equity Preference



A general meeting Voting Rights No

Profit 2nd Priority Ist Priority

Loss Loss Profit

Wind Up 2nd Priority Ist Priority





Capital Market

Companies like manufacturing, infrastructure power generation and governments which need funds for longer duration period raise money from capital market.

Individuals and financial institutions who have surplus fund and want to earn higher rate of interest usually invest in capital market.

SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) regulate the capital market in India.

Under Act 1992- a board is established to protect the interests of investors in Securities to promote and regulate the Security market.
Established -12 April 1992 under SEBI Act , 1992
SEBI Chairman- Upendra Kumar Sinha was appointed in 2011 replacing C.B.Bhave
Objective- To manage the fraudulent cases and stop fraudulent activities in stock market
Headquarter – Mumbai
Regional offices- Delhi , Kolkata , Chennai , Ahmedabad



Capital Market Instruments:

1. Shares

2. Debentures

Shares

If company issuing share for first time that it is known as IPO (Initial Public Offering).IPO of any company issued in primary market.

If company issuing shares for second or third time than it is known as FPO (Follow on Public Offering) and trading of already issued shares take place in secondary market.

Share gives ownership right to individuals who subscribe to it, in this way company has to dilute his ownership right up to 49 percent of their ownership and keep remaining 51 percent with them so that they have majority control.

A person earns from shares is company make profit which is distributed among share holders know as dividend and if company make loss value of share also falls so shares are high risk instruments.

Debt

A debt instrument is used by government or organization to generate funds for longer duration, and is known as Debentures.

The relation between people who invest in debt instrument is of lender and borrower .This gives no ownership right .A person receives fixed rate of interest on debt instrument.

A debenture is thus like a certificate of loan or a loan bond evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest and although the money raised by the debentures becomes a part of the company’s capital structure, it does not become share capital. Senior debenture gets paid before subordinate debentures, and there are varying rates and

payoff for these categories.

Debenture holders have no rights to vote in the company’s general meetings of shareholders.

The interest paid to them is a charge against profit in the company’s financial statements.

There are two types of debentures:

1. Convertible debentures:

Convertible bonds or bonds that can be converted into equity shares of the issuing company after a predetermined period of time.

Convertible bonds typically have lower interest rates than non-convertible corporate bonds.

2. Non-Convertible debentures:

Non Convertible Debentures are simply regular debentures, cannot be converted into equity shares

of the liable company. They are debentures without the convertibility feature attached to them. As a result, they usually carry higher interest rates than their convertible counterparts.

PRACTICE WORKSHEET-ENGLISH DOUBLE FILLERS.

PRACTICE WORKSHEET

ENGLISH DOUBLE-FILLERS

Directions (1-5): In each of the following sentences there are two blank spaces. Below each five pairs of words have been denoted by numbers (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e). Find out which pair of words can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence in the same sequence to make the sentence meaningfully complete.



Q1. ____the activities of moneylenders could have an adverse impact on those who____ access to bank credit.

(a) encouraging, enjoying

(b) permitting, denied

(c) confining, entitled

(d) promoting, benefit

(e) curbing, lack

Q2. The budget announced substantial ____of ____ to critical sectors like education and healthcare.

(a) expenditure, capital

(b) sanction, initiative

(c) allotment, security

(d) disbursement, investment

(e) allocation, resources



Q3. The government has decided not to make any_____ changes in the country's tax____ .

(a) sweeping, regime

(b) transparent, hike

(c) drastically, net

(d) constitutional, revenue

(e) existing, structure

Q4. The RBI has _____ a statement that the implementation of KYC norms should not lead to the denial of banking _____ to customers.

(a) released, asset

(b) issued, services

(c) drafted, clearing

(d) made, tariff

(e) notified transaction

Q5. The new scheme ____ all persons with disabilities defined _____ the Disabilities Act.

(a) discriminates, according

(b) recognises, beneath

(c) profits, within

(d) covers, under

(e) promises, by

SOLUTION

1. (e) Curb (Verb) = to control or limit something ; check

Lack (Verb) = to have none or not enough of something

2. (d) Disbursement (Noun) = payment of money

3. (a) Sweeping (Adjective) = having an important effect on a large part of something.

4. (b) issued, services

5. (d) covers, under



Directions (6-15): In each of the following sentences there are two blank spaces. Below each sentence there are five pairs of words denoted by numbers (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) Find out which pair of words can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence in the same sequence to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningfully complete.

Q6. To avoid _____ there is a need for _____ planning of the project.

(a) cancellation, broad

(b) problem, deliberate

(c) pitfalls, systematic

(d) inconvenience, convenient

(e) losses, temporary

Q7. A good management will decide not only the ____ for equipment but also its____ for deciding priorities.

(a) need, urgency

(b) usefulness, utility

(c) cost, value

(d) requirement, necessities

(e) technology, methodology

Q8. ____ appears to be a small error in the beginning may turn out to be a ____ in the long run.

(a) It, disaster

(b) What, blunder

(c) That, debacle

(d) It, slip

(e) What, incident

Q9. Being very ____ in nature, he always uses his ____ skills.

(a) adamant, soft

(b) polite, basic

(c) humble, experimental

(d) pushy, persuasive

(e) mild, aggressive

Q10. Demand and supply do not _____ the same relationship as the one that _____ between height and weight.

(a) possess, has

(b) incur, is

(c) defend, volunteers

(d) bear, borne

(e) have, exists

Q11. If the system ____ to yield the desired result, try to ____ the whole procedure in the given sequence.

(a) entitles, dump

(b) ignores, reproduce

(c) fails, re-operate

(d) imitates, generate

(e) equips, encompass

Q12. He is so ____ in his approach that not a single point ever ____ his attention.

(a) meticulous, escapes

(b) casual, erodes

(c) fanatic, brings

(d) deliberate, attracts

(e) nasty, coincides

Q13. Generally, ____ students _____ those who are students mediocre.

(a) humble, surmount

(b) meritorious, surpass

(c) bright, overestimate

(d) intelligent, surrender

(e) studious, respect

Q14.____ and ____ should not be tolerated in our country which boasts of Ahimsa' as its way of life.

(a) Politicking, elections

(b) Dishonour, efficiency

(c) Lethargy, procrastination

(d) Nepotism, selfishness

(e) Hatred, violence

Q15. He ____ a wrong act because it was ____ for him to do so due to circumstantial forces.

(a) compelled, necessary

(b) refused, dangerous

(c) did, avoidable

(d) committed, inevitable

(e) simplified, harmful

SOLUTION

6. (c) Pitfalls (Noun) = a danger or difficulty
7. (a) need, urgency

8. (b) Blunder (Noun) = a stupid or careless mistake.

9. (e) mild, aggressive

10. (d) bear, borne

11. (c) fails, reproduce
12. (a) Meticulous (Adjective) = paying careful attention, fastidious.
13. (e) studious, respect
14. (e) Hatred (Noun) = a very strong feeling of dislike.
15. (d) Inevitable (Adjective) = unavoidable.



Directions (16-20): Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning.

Q16. Many teachers _____ the lack of professional freedom as the ____ for leaving the Job.

(a) cited, reason

(b) explained, force

(c) claimed, understanding

(d) argued,, culprit

(e) believe, ground

Q17. Skeptics would not ____ that the earth actually moves, let alone that it ___ around the sun.

(a) permit, orbits

(b) accept, revolves

(c) experience, circles

(d) assume, went

(e) challenge, spins

Q18. Unpredictable ____ of the child could not lead the consultants to any ____.

(a) performance, setting

(b) belief, judgment

(c) operation, purpose

(d) behavior, conclusion

(e) react, decision

Q19. A public servant who is guilty will not ___ punishment and no ____ person will be punished.

(a) be, sincere

(b) flee, guilty

(c) defend, common

(d) avoid, uninformed

(e) escape, innocent

Q20. Few professions can ____ the sheet variety and constant ____of being a doctor.

(a) like, struggle





(b) share, enthusiast

(c) match, challenge

(d) draw, work-load

(e) justify, exception

SOLUTION

16. (a) Cite (Verb) = to mention something as reason.
17. (b) accept, revolves
18. (d) behavior, conclusion
19. (e) Escape (Verb) = to suffer no harm.
20. (c) match, challenge



Directions (21-25): Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Q21. The organization _____ to popularize Indian classical music among the youth which has lost _____ with its cultural roots.

(a) endeavours, touch

(b) wishes, interest

(c) efforts, experience

(d) exerts, intrigue

(e) need, relation

Q22. One of the major critiques of the examination system is that it _____to a spirit of ______ competition among the students.

(a) results, defective

(b) accompanies, adequate

(c) develops, intense

(d) takes, severe

(e) leads, unhealthy

Q23. Auroras are natural light displays in the sky, usually ____ at night, ____ in the Polar regions.

(a) watch, upward

(b) noticed, peculiar

(c) observed, only

(d) found, most

(e) follows, mainly

Q24. After the board examinations, students are ____ up for the various entrance examinations ____ for next month.

(a) ready, timed

(b) gearing, scheduled

(c) prepared, programmed

(d) set, duration

(e) geared, kept

Q25. The governmental _____ spurred dramatic improvements in the way waste management is ____ out in many hospitals.

(a) rule, thrown

(b) plans, conduct

(c) crusade, done

(d) efforts, carried

(e) venture, disposed

SOLUTION





21. (a) Endeavour (Verb) = to try very hard to do something ; strive
22. (e) leads, unhealthy
23. (c) observed, only
24. (e) Gear up = to prepare yourself to do something.
25. (d) Carry out = to do and complete a task.

How a bank works? -Banking Awareness-

How a Bank works? 

Banking Awareness-

HOW BANK WORKS: ASSETS AND LIABILITY

LIABILITIES:
Current Account Deposit: 0%

Saving Account Deposit: 4%

Fixed/Recurring Account Deposit 8%-9%

Bulk Deposit

The average interest of all these deposits put together is COST OF FUNDS, should be as low as possible.

CA/SA- Should be more.

But CA/ SA are volatile deposit (can withdraw anytime)

FD- have fixed terms, Banks can plan their activities (Stable deposit)



Assets: The internal /income which banks get is yield/income.

· Home Loan

· Mortgage Loan

· Co-operate Loan

· Personal Loan





Net Interest Margin (NIM) = ≥ 3

With this NIM –Banks have to pay (SALARY, RENT ON PREMISES, and PAY FOR OPERATION AND PROFIT)

This is known as Viable Banking.

Banks require the NIM of 3% to ensure profitability.




TYPES of ACCOUNT

SAVING ACCOUNT

Age≥ 18

10-18 (with some restrictions)

< 10 (Minor, with guardian)

Minimum balance- No FRILL ACCOUNT (BSBDA- BASIC SAVING BANK DEPOSIT ACCOUNT)

PMJDY

Rate: calculated on Daily Basis taking into account minimum balance available (SA rate are 4%)



CURRENT ACCOUNT

-Overdraft

-Nomination (×)



Why new generation Private Sector banks have more numbers of current accounts then Public Sector banks.

· Improved Hospitality

· Personalized Service

· Portfolio Management

· Technology Up-gradation



CASA RATIO =  Fixed Deposit/Recurring Deposit/Bulk Deposit:

TIME DEPOSIT
· No withdraw before agreed period

· Penalty of withdraw before

· No Cheque Book



FIXED DEPOSIT

UPTO 10 Years

NOMINATION

Interest Rate HIGHER -For Senior

TIME ∝Interest rate

Loan Facility -Available

But if interest income > 10,000

Bank will deduct TDS

If you are not income tax payee then you have to give bank a 15 G Form.

FIXED DEPOSIT

· STANDARD FD- (Interest in every 3/6/12 months)

· CUMULATIVE FD

Interest Rate varies with time and age not with the amount of deposit.

RECURRING DEPOSIT:

Deposit at regular interval

TDS



BULK DEPOSIT

Amount > 1 Crore

Rate> FD Rate

Ø Corporate

Ø High Network Individuals( HNI)



Amount 500 Crore – 10%

Amount 1000 Crore – 12 %





Priority Sector Lending

· Sectors

· Agriculture

· Small-scale industry

· Small Business, Small Enterprise

· Micro Credit

· Education Loan



Priority Sector Lending (PSL)

Commercial Bank must provide loan – 40%

18% -Agriculture

Penalty for not achieving PSL Target

INDIAN BANK – deposit shortfall amount with NABARD under RIDF (Rural Infrastructure Development Fund)

FOREIGN BANK - deposit shortfall amount with SIDBI under IDF (Industrial Development Fund)

NEFT-(National Electronic Fund Transfer)

Max- 50,000/Transaction

Indo-Nepal Remittance Facility Scheme-

Monday-Friday – 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Saturday – 8 a.m. to 1 p.m.

RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement)

Min: 2 Lakhs/Transaction ( Real Time –Upto 2 Hrs)

DeMat – Dematerialized Account

DPs – Depository Participants

Buy/Sell- Stocks

PAN





IMF- 189 Members (Nauru)

IMF – July -22-1944 initially 45 members

WORLD BANK (American)

IBRD- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

IDA- International Development Association

Asian Development Bank – 1966

SWIFT –Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication.

NOSTRO Account- [Our Account with you in foreign currency].

VOSTRO Account- [Your Account with us in Indian currency].

LORO Account- [Third Party Account]

NOSTRO – is a current account that a bank holds with another bank, in a foreign country such account is operated in the currency of a foreign country.

VOSTRO – Current Account for foreign bank in a domestic bank.

LORO- is used when NOSTRO and VOSTRO account by a bank other than account maintaining Banks and the tank with which the account is maintained.

CHEQUE

Drawer-Owner

Payee- Receiver

Drawee- Bank

Post Dated – Date later then today

You can’t cash it until today’s date, after 3 month –stale cheque

ANTI-DATED

It is regular cheque

Dated earlier then today and can be cashed immediately

Stale Cheque: If any Change issued by holder doesn’t get withdrawn from the bank till 3 month.

Cross Cheque:

Not in Cash

Endrossed

Account pay cheque

When 2 along with cross made and word account payee written between these lines.

Can’t be endorsed

Engrossment:

Sec. 15 –Negotiable Instrument Act- 1881

There can be any number of endorsement